[GIT PULL v2] Implement getaddrinfo_a() for higher concurrency

[Ammar Faizi <ammarfaizi2@gnuweeb.org>]

Hi Alviro,

[ v2: Fix typos, s/gaiaddrinfo_a/getaddrinfo_a/g ]

Based on our discussion on Telegram, this pull request introduces
the usage of `getaddrinfo_a()` to enhance the concurrency of DNS
resolution.

There are two main changes in this pull request:

- Use `getaddrinfo_a()` to achieve more concurrency

  Allow DNS resolver threads to perform multiple DNS queries
  at once using getaddrinfo_a().

- And then, avoid `getaddrinfo_a()` if resolver threads are not exhausted.

  The asynchronous `getaddrinfo_a()` function, while non-blocking,
  comes with a hidden cost: it spawns a new thread for every
  single query. This frequent creation and destruction of threads
  is inefficient and can become a major bottleneck.
  
  Check the number of active DNS queries against the pool of
  available resolver threads. If there are idle threads ready to
  work, we delegate new DNS lookups to them using the synchronous
  `getaddrinfo()`. It reuses existing threads and completely
  avoids the overhead of creating new ones.
  
  The costly `getaddrinfo_a()` is now only used as a fallback when
  the entire pool of resolver threads is exhausted. This leads to
  a more robust, efficient, and scalable DNS resolution mechanism.

Please pull!

The following changes since commit 46147b0405ae7565f2b3bc12488bc51653ed5d67:

  Delete fd from epoll early to avoid EPOLLIN being fired later (2025-06-27 21:39:08 +0700)

are available in the Git repository at:

  https://github.com/ammarfaizi2/gwproxy tags/gai_async-v2-2025-06-28

for you to fetch changes up to 7a4ca1ebc41b421e44bf83ad23c8bd06c2ed0a17:

  Avoid `getaddrinfo_a()` if resolver threads are not exhausted (2025-06-28 02:02:20 +0700)

----------------------------------------------------------------
gai_async-v2-2025-06-28

----------------------------------------------------------------
Ammar Faizi (2):
      Use `getaddrinfo_a()` to achieve more concurrency
      Avoid `getaddrinfo_a()` if resolver threads are not exhausted

 gwproxy.c | 241 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 207 insertions(+), 34 deletions(-)

-- 
Ammar Faizi